Renaturierung kleiner Lössbäche – ein Beitrag der Ökologischen Landwirtschaft zum Naturschutz

As a part of the interdisciplinary research project ”Integration of nature protection goals with organic farming: an the example from the Hessian ”state domain” [Staatsdomäne] area Frankenhausen”, different restoration measures have been carried out within this site, 15 km north of Kassel. Since 1998, intensive conventional agricultural practices have been substituted with organic farming here. One intention of the agricultural restructuring was to realise nature protection goals in cooperation with sustainable organic agricultural production. The hydrologic portion of the project addresses both the implementation of restoration measures in rivers and streams and their scientific monitoring. Starting in July 2007, several restoration measures were carried out in the hydrologic systems of the Jungfernbach and Esse streams within the Frankenhausen site. Both systems are formed by typical loess streams (catchment size about 9 km2) which had been heavily degraded for several hundred years by intensive agriculture. The most important restoration measures were removal of a piped section of a tributary of the Jungfernbach at Totenhof, restoration of biological passability by removal of weirs and substitution of narrow pipes under farm paths, relocation of a section of the Jungfernbach from the edge of the floodplain to its original location in the centre, widening of narrow sections and partial raising of the deepened stream bed by means of rough ramps (stone bars) and racks made of oak wood or iron. These physical restoration measures were accompanied by a scientific monitoring programme comprising morphological, hydrochemical and biological (aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish and amphibians) aspects. The aim of this study was to document the original ecological conditions, the restoration measures and the early ecological effects on the stream sections for the first six months following restoration as a basis for further ecological monitoring. The restoration measures effected clear morphological changes in cross-section and passability. The chemical condition of the streams showed slight changes in some aspects following the restoration, e. g. a reduction of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium concentration. Other than macrophytic algae in the newly shaped sections, aquatic macrophytes did not develop over the winter season before the end of the monitoring phase in April 2008. Within the newly shaped stream sections of a small tributary and of the Jungfernbach, up to 14 aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa started to colonise the new habitats 6 months after restoration. Fish fauna were very poorly represented in the streams and included only a few specimens of brown trout (Salmo trutta). This did not change markedly after restoration, possibly due to the isolation of the population caused by impassable weirs downstream of the investigation area.In einem interdisziplinären „Entwicklungs- und Erprobungs-Vorhaben“ der Universität Kassel „Die Integration von Naturschutzzielen in den Ökologischen Landbau am Beispiel der Hessischen Staatsdomäne Frankenhausen“ wurden unterschiedliche Naturschutz-Maßnahmen auf dem Domänengelände durchgeführt. Seit 1998 wird die Staatsdomäne Frankenhausen, die ca. 15 km nördlich von Kassel liegt, ökologisch bewirtschaftet. Ein Aspekt bei der Umstellung auf ökologische Landwirtschaft war die Umsetzung von naturschutz-orientierten Maßnahmen, die in Kooperation mit dem landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb umgesetzt wurden. Ein gewässerökologisches Teilprojekt umfasste unterschiedliche Entwicklungsmaßnahmen an und in Bächen des Jungfernbach- und Esse-Systems auf dem Gelände der Staatsdomäne ab Juli 2007. Beide Bachsysteme (Einzugsgebietsgröße jeweils ca. 9 km2) werden von typischen lössgeprägten Bördenbächen gebildet. Löss-Gebiete zählen zu den durch intensive Landwirtschaft am tiefgreifendsten veränderten Gebieten Deutschlands. Folgende wesentliche Renaturierungsmaßnahmen wurden auf dem Domänengelände umgesetzt: Entfernung der Verrohrung, Offenlegung und Neugestaltung eines Nebenbaches des Jungfernbaches am Totenhof, Rückverlegung eines Jungfernbach-Abschnitts vom Rand der Aue in seine ursprüngliche Lage im Zentrum der Aue nach historischen Angaben, Wiederherstellung der biologischen Durchgängigkeit durch die Entfernung von Wehren und den Ersatz von unpassierbaren Wege-Durchlässen durch voluminösere Durchlässe mit durchgängiger Sohle, partielle Aufweitung enger Querprofile und Anhebung der Gewässersohle durch Stein-Riegel und Sohlrechen aus Stahl oder Eichenholz. Die Maßnahmen wurden von einem wissenschaftlichen Monitoringvorhaben begleitet. Hauptaspekte der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung waren morphologische, hydrochemische und biologische Untersuchungen aquatischer Makrophyten, des Makrozoobenthos, der Fischfauna und der Amphibien. Sie dienten der Erfassung des ökologischen Status quo der Gewässer vor Durchführung der Maßnahmen und der Dokumentation der ökologischen Situation der Gewässer im Anschluss an die Maßnahmen als Basis für die Beobachtung der künftigen Gewässerentwicklung. Die Renaturierungsmaßnahmen induzierten markante Veränderungen der morphologischen Situation der ehemals zu engen und tiefen Querprofile und verbesserten die biologische Durchgängigkeit auf dem Domänengelände. An den Sohlrechen fand während der Folgemonate nach der Renaturierung wegen zu geringer Wasserführung nur ein geringer Totholztransport und damit noch keine erkennbare Sohlanhebung statt. Die chemischen Qualitätsparameter zeigten bei einigen Wasserinhaltsstoffen (z. B. bei Phosphor, Magnesium und Kalium) einen Rückgang der Konzentrationen, der seine Ursachen im Verzicht auf mineralische Düngung mit diesen Stoffen in der ökologischen Landwirtschaft haben könnte. Bei den Wasserpflanzen traten in den neu gestalteten Gewässerabschnitten unmittelbar nach den Renaturierungsmaßnahmen Pionierbestände makrophytischer Algen wie Spirogyra, Cladophora und Vaucheria auf. Über die Herbst- und Wintermonate nach Abschluss der Maßnahmen im Oktober 2009 bis zum Ende der Monitoring-Phase im April 2008 konnten sich noch keine Makrophytenbestände in den neu gestalteten Gewässerabschnitten entwickeln. Im Gegensatz hierzu fand in diesem Zeitraum eine rasche Ansiedlung von 14 Wirbellosen-Taxa im Jungfernbach und 13 Taxa im kleinen, offengelegten und neu gestalteten Bach am Totenhof statt. In diesem Nebengewässer siedelten sich zahlreiche für Lössbache charakteristische Makroinvertebraten bachaufwärts aus dem Jungfernbach heraus an. Die sehr spärliche Fischpopulation, die aus wenigen Bachforellen in einem einzigen Gewässerabschnitt bestand, veränderte sich infolge ihrer räumlichen Isolation durch unterhalb des Untersuchungsraums gelegene Wehre nicht nennenswert

Integration einer relationalen Datenbank mit Lotus Notes über einen konfigurierbaren Datenpumpprozeß

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Syntactic Annotation of Old French Text Corpora

Dans un premier temps, cette contribution fournit une présentation rapide des corpus médiévaux, principalement pour l’anglais et le français, en relation avec des projets d’annotation centrés sur l’annotation syntaxique. La seconde partie traite des aspects spécifiques de l’annotation syntaxique pour les textes d’ancien français et s’intéresse particulièrement aux interactions entre la préannotation automatique et les outils d’annotation manuelle.Syntactic Annotation of Old French Text Corpora In the first section, this contribution provides a survey on medieval corpora, mostly for English and French, and related annotation projects, focussing on syntactic annotation. The second section deals with specific aspects of syntactic annotation for Old French texts, and focuses on the interaction between automatic pre-annotation and tools for manual annotation (TMA)

Detection of Line Artefacts in Lung Ultrasound Images of COVID-19 Patients via Non-Convex Regularization

In this paper, we present a novel method for line artefacts quantification in lung ultrasound (LUS) images of COVID-19 patients. We formulate this as a non-convex regularisation problem involving a sparsity-enforcing, Cauchy-based penalty function, and the inverse Radon transform. We employ a simple local maxima detection technique in the Radon transform domain, associated with known clinical definitions of line artefacts. Despite being non-convex, the proposed technique is guaranteed to convergence through our proposed Cauchy proximal splitting (CPS) method and accurately identifies both horizontal and vertical line artefacts in LUS images. In order to reduce the number of false and missed detection, our method includes a two-stage validation mechanism, which is performed in both Radon and image domains. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison to the current state-of-the-art B-line identification method and show a considerable performance gain with 87% correctly detected B-lines in LUS images of nine COVID-19 patients. In addition, owing to its fast convergence, our proposed method is readily applicable for processing LUS image sequences.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Autonomous Visual Detection of Defects from Battery Electrode Manufacturing

The increasing global demand for high-quality and low-cost battery electrodes poses major challenges for battery cell production. As mechanical defects on the electrode sheets have an impact on the cell performance and their lifetime, inline quality control during electrode production is of high importance. Correlation of detected defects with process parameters provides the basis for optimization of the production process and thus enables long-term reduction of reject rates, shortening of the production ramp-up phase, and maximization of equipment availability. To enable automatic detection of visually detectable defects on electrode sheets passing through the process steps at a speed of 9 m s−1, a You-Only-Look-Once architecture (YOLO architecture) for the identification of visual detectable defects on coated electrode sheets is demonstrated within this work. The ability of the quality assurance (QA) system developed herein to detect mechanical defects in real time is validated by an exemplary integration of the architecture into the electrode manufacturing process chain at the Battery Lab Factory Braunschweig

Cross-Linguistic Interplay of Lexical Aspect and (Non-)Literalness

This contribution studies correlations between the degree of literalness and the syntax and semantics of French and German verbs. Annotation tests for sentences with German verbs with and without particles and their French equivalents provide evidence for a correlation between particle verbs and non-literal senses, and, for French verbs more than for German verbs, between a shift from literal to non-literal use and a shift in lexical aspect. The last section proposes a preliminary theoretical account for the empirical findings based on specific components and properties of events

Deciphering the Role of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Different COVID-19 Vaccines - A Comparison of Vaccine Candidate Genes in Roborovski Dwarf Hamsters

With the exception of inactivated vaccines, all SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently used for clinical application focus on the spike envelope glycoprotein as a virus-specific antigen. Compared to other SARS-CoV-2 genes, mutations in the spike protein gene are more rapidly selected and spread within the population, which carries the risk of impairing the efficacy of spike-based vaccines. It is unclear to what extent the loss of neutralizing antibody epitopes can be compensated by cellular immune responses, and whether the use of other SARS-CoV-2 antigens might cause a more diverse immune response and better long-term protection, particularly in light of the continued evolution towards new SARS-CoV-2 variants. To address this question, we explored immunogenicity and protective effects of adenoviral vectors encoding either the full-length spike protein (S), the nucleocapsid protein (N), the receptor binding domain (RBD) or a hybrid construct of RBD and the membrane protein (M) in a highly susceptible COVID-19 hamster model. All adenoviral vaccines provided life-saving protection against SARS-CoV-2-infection. The most efficient protection was achieved after exposure to full-length spike. However, the nucleocapsid protein, which triggered a robust T-cell response but did not facilitate the formation of neutralizing antibodies, controlled early virus replication efficiently and prevented severe pneumonia. Although the full-length spike protein is an excellent target for vaccines, it does not appear to be the only option for future vaccine design

CRETA (Centrum fürreflektierte Textanalyse)– FachübergreifendeMethodenentwicklung in denDigital Humanities

This paper will present the concept of the newly established Stuttgart DH Center CRETA, which unites very different text-oriented disciplines such as literature, linguistics, history, political science, and philosophy, and which, on the other hand, not only applies methods and modeling techniques from machine learning, computational linguistics, and computer graphic visualization, but has begun to integrate them into a common DH methodology of deep reflective text analysis. Such a further development of the method inventory of the Digital Humanities is a long way and needs many participants. However, we can already illustrate aspects of the conception with case studies of scenarios from ongoing digital humanities projects, and it seems important to us to put the approach up for broad discussion